Possible Types of Employees Reactions to the Proposed Change - Change Management in Blue Marina Restaurant Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Blue Marina is in the inception stage of managing change i. e. Plan for change. The situational analysis would demand the development of proactivity, goal communication explicitly, simulate critical thinking and focus on quality service to institutionalize change. (Ashwathappa. K., 2007). But, these simple techniques may not be fruitful if there is an incidence of resistance. As such, a more planned effort has to be initiated. At the same time, because there is an incurrence of loss for the first time in its balance sheet, even the employees would be a bit doubtful about the management s ability to tide through difficulties in future. Care should be taken that situations never retract into resistance due to deliberate management s inefficiency. There are some eight steps which need to be followed in this process. Urgency identification: The stage of unfreezing for the change starts here. Employees need to understand that the first year of loss situation, should be curbed and not pro long further. Thus, every employee and every stakeholder is urged to understand the situation and act pro-actively to implement the change successfully within the least possible time. Forming of a pro-active coalition: People with the positive attitude towards work would be chosen as change leaders. We will write a custom essay sample on Possible Types of Employees Reactions to the Proposed Change - Change Management in Blue Marina Restaurant or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Effective communication of vision statement to the employees: This is the initiation of the change situation in the organization and thus very planned in every action. Other than communication, the existing and new staffs have to be trained in the behavioural aspects which lead to customer satisfaction.

Germany Essay - 960 Words

Germany Germany is currently experiencing a labor shortage, which is adversely affecting their Gross Domestic Product. If current trends continue in Germany the country could find itself in a serious recession. This would not only effect Germany but all of Europe as well for Germany is the single most important trading partner for almost all of the European countries (Bogdanowicz). This is not a new situation in Germany, for the past seven consecutive quarters activity in the construction sector of the German economy has declined (German GDP). Not only did German industrial output fall, but this was also the lowest annual increase in Gross Domestic Product since the first quarter of 1997, when the Gross Domestic Product†¦show more content†¦Regardless of the government’s denial of a recession, there are several possible causes of the current economic situation in Germany such as the lack of skilled labor as well as a decline in trade. Due to the global economic downturn the German Finance Ministry blames the decline in global exports as a contributing factor to the unfortunate situation of the economy (German Finance). This lack of trading has led to the careful attitude of German investors as confidence in German business has declined for the fifth month in a row (Bogdanowicz). The most probable origin of this state of economic affairs is the serious deficiency of German skilled workforce. The country’s birth rate is among the lowest in Europe. The German population is expected to fall from 82 million to less than 60 million people over the next fifty years and the workforce will be nearly cut in half (Germany Pressed). Interior Minister Otto Schily, â€Å"We must recognize that to secure our prosperity, out future, we are dependant on people from other countries with skills that we desperately need†(Germany Pressed). In order to salvage the German economy, experts say that at least half a million-immigrant workers will be essential (German Region). If a country is on the brink of an economic crisis and their supply of skilled labor is dwindling then a country should reevaluate its immigration policies and recruitShow MoreRelatedGermany : The Country Of Germany891 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION The country that I selected for the country report paper was Germany. Since I was last in the country, 45 years ago, many things have changed for Germany. The country was reunified in 1990, became Europe s economic powerhouse, and is now the most important nation in the European Union. Germany is situated in northern central Europe and covers an area of 137,983 mi ². Sharing its borders with nine other European countries, it is positioned in the middle of one of the world s bestRead MoreGermany And The Economy Of Germany1779 Words   |  8 PagesFortunately for us, Germany devotes 2.853% of its GDP to RD activities which is even higher than our home country of the United States which only devotes 2.806% of GDP (OECD II 1). Ultimately, after thoroughly assessing the economic situation in Germany we as a country firmly believe that we can be successful not just in Berlin, but the entirety of the country. Now that we have briefly examined what we will sell and who we will sell it to and analyzed the culture and economy of Germany. It becomes timeRead MoreGermany And Its Impact On The Country Of Germany1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe country of Germany is rich in culture, from the days of Nazi Reign, to today’s alliance with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). The architecture of Germany has a long, rich and diverse history. Every major European style from Roman to Post Modern is demonstrated. Germany has made very significant technology and science achievements and have a significant part of the country’s economy. Germany’s people are a very tolerant and forward thinking group of people. Germany is a modern, advancedRead MoreGermany1863 Words   |  8 PagesCountry X or brought under County X’s tacit control. Germany does not fit that mold, however. This is a country who was globally defeated twice by several antagonistic powers and rose again to become a rich and influential state. A nation, who was responsible for some of the most reprehensible war crimes known to man within the last century, sits among its contemporary peers in the UN and decries similar actions perpetrated by other states. Germany has been able to replace its power in the regionRead MoreGermany, And The Federal Republic Of Germany1424 Words   |  6 PagesHistory Germany, or the Federal Republic of Germany, was officially founded 1871 by Otto von Bismarck. Since then, Germany has had a rich history. As a young nation looking to get more territory, Germany fought in World War I. However, its loss in the war led to severe punishments in the Treaty of Versailles, leading to bitterness and resentment among the German people, as well as an economic depression. These harsh conditions helped to set the stage for Fascism in Germany. Toppling the Weimar RepublicRead MoreGermany s Geographical Features Of Germany1615 Words   |  7 Pagesassigned to research is Germany. Germany’s geographical features are its rivers such as the Elbe River, the Danube River, the Weser River and the Rhine River. Germany was by poor and weak areas that made it quite easy for imperialism to occur. Nonetheless, being by the water as a coast was really beneficial to Germany, These Rivers helped Germany with receiving and trading things such as health supply, weapons and food. In 1914, Germany’s population was recorded at 67 million and Germany during World WarRead MoreGermany Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesOverview The Federal Republic of Germany; with its capital city of Berlin, is located in Central Europe. With a population of 80,722,792 people; 65 to 70% of that practicing Christianity. The common language spoken in Germany is German, or Deutsch. With a total land mass of 137,846 square miles, Germany became one country again after the demolition of the Berlin Wall ending the Soviet Unions control over East Germany reuniting the country after nearly 30 years. Germany has prospered and once againRead MoreThe Unification of Germany1421 Words   |  6 PagesTHE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY In 1871 the thirty-eight states of what was once the Holy Roman Empire, re-united to become what was known in the early twentieth century as simply, The German Empire, united under the rule of the German Emperor, or Kaiser. There are many factors which led to the unification of the German states; liberalism, nationalism, Otto Von Bismarck, fear of ‘another Napoleon, the Prussian King William I, and the three wars Prussia fought. One of the key factors which led toRead MoreWhat Is Germany1598 Words   |  7 PagesCountry Overview According to the US Central Intelligence Agency (US CIA), Germany is Europe’s largest economy and second most populated nation. It’s located in Central Europe and borders the Baltic and North Sea. Germany sits between Netherlands and Poland and is just south of Denmark. The country itself is the seventh-largest European country (Europe). Because of this, the topography varies throughout the country. The North European Plain stretches across the northern part of the country. ThisRead MoreGermany Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesGermany has become Europe’s most powerful country. Germany now has the continent’s strongest and biggest economy. Germany’s economy accounts for a fifth of the European Union’s output and a quarter of its exports. Germany has a jobless rate of 5.4%, which is less than half of Europe’s average. Youth employment in Germany is at a 20-year low. Germany’s budget is balanced, government debt is decreasing, and long-term bond yields are the lowest in Europe. Germany is the largest creditor country in Europe

Practice Of Defensive Medicine Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Tort Reform and Defensive Medicine are the major concerns that lead to drive up cost containment in wellness attention. Tort reform does little to cut down costs and Defensive Medicine instead avoids liability than to profit the patient. In this paper will supply the differences between the two and how cost can be control every bit good cut downing cost when it comes to malpractice charges. We will write a custom essay sample on Practice Of Defensive Medicine Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is Tort Reform and Defensive Medicine â€Å" Defensive Medicine is normally ( and, we believe, right ) defined as the ordination of interventions, trials and processs chiefly to assist protect the doctor from liability instead than to well foster the patient ‘s diagnosing or intervention † ( Hermer A ; Brody 2010, pg 4- 12 ) . â€Å" Tort reform by itself will make little to cut down costs. But unless liability concerns are successfully addressed, it is improbable that most doctors will be willing to follow the systemic schemes needed for cost control † ( Hermer A ; Brody 2010 ) . Major Points The major point that is being argued strongly from doctor is that defensive medical specialty is driving up wellness attention cost and rising prices. Doctors believed they must pattern defensive medical specialty to cut down case hazard in the U. S. They argue that the civil wrong reform must come into understanding to cutting down a batch of expensive surveies and processs, because they feel it add billion to wellness attention costs per twelvemonth. In surveies of studies found in the old ages from 2005 and 2008 that high hazard doctors or specializers from different provinces reported practising defensive medical specialty. These provinces were found in Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts practising defensive medical specialty. A sum in Pennsylvania were 93 % and Massachusetts 83 % of doctors. It besides found that significant cost could be associated with defensive medical specialty in both of these provinces. Much of these surveies were 20 % to 30 % that physicians confirm that were being study in movie X raies, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound that were being order to pattern for defensive medical specialty. This is normally being argued by doctors through the study for practising defensive medical specialty. Professionals and Cons of Tort Reform and Defensive Medicine Professionals and cons of Tort Reform and Defensive Medicine as consequence of the Tort Reform, Defensive medical specialty will non disappear, but the cons side of the Tort Reform without its reform doctor is willing to accept cost control action being influence on the patterns of defensive medical specialties. Tort Reform helps cut down defensive medical specialty patterns and others that are subscribers to its quantification. It is indispensable but missing factor to be control. Regardless of the malpractice system that inflicts a toll on doctors it is enormous uneffective. The negligent act to harming patients and prompt cases cost are much tremendous. The frights of cases have no grounds that it will cut down or avoid medical mistake on leaders, quality development on mistakes of single doctors for bettering patient safety. In world of the civil wrong reform would be necessary if the cost of medical attention were earnestly reduced in the United States. But because the cost were non reduced or command it necessitate doctors to cut down high-cost trials and interventions that do non profit the patients. In benefits to the patients at that place have to be an understanding with the doctors and the patients in equal in believing high cost and engineering attention to take downing cost in supplying good attention. If the doctors refuse to follow with cost control it will in no manner expose them to liability hazard. Some hazards cut downing civil wrong liability for doctors can be a linkage necessary for cost containment. In Defensive Medicine is driving up cost along with other subscribers and the causes for unneeded cost. One of the inordinate costs of attention by higher reimbursement to civilization pattern is driven by process and engineering direction and other factors. These costs have occurred for inordinate major malpractice reforms in the province of Texas ( Hermer A ; Brody, pg 37 ) . Another factor is germinating clinical criterions. In to boot to these factors doctors are able to order non-beneficial trials because of defensive medical specialty. These trials have become integrated into the criterion of the community for attention. But in fact civil wrong reform would non ensue in decrease for the figure of trials being ordered. In harmonizing to the defensive patterns reform may non give if economic effects to being sued so removed. The Implication of civil wrong Reform, Defensive Medicine, quality and wellness attention costs. In deduction of civil wrong reform, defensive medical specialty to quality and wellness attention costs. If cost is cut down for medical attention in the U.S. The civil wrong reform will necessitate doctor to cut down the usage of high-cost trial and interventions to profit their patients. In understanding to the patients and doctors to take downing cost of engineering attention to supplying good attention to their patients and the doctors that refuses to follow with the cost containment steps will non be expose to liability hazard. The Author ‘s Position on Tort Reform First, we will specify defensive medical specialty and place jobs in quantifying the pattern. We will so analyze and measure the strengths and failings of the places expressed by many doctors and wellness policy analysts by sing the available grounds refering the function of defensive medical specialty in raising wellness attention costs, the ability of civil wrong reform to command defensive medical specialty patterns, and alternate subscribers to the job. We will so discourse why we believe that civil wrong reform, despite the incompatibility of the grounds back uping its ability to meaningfully incorporate wellness attention costs, is a necessary constituent of cost control. In understanding with the writer place of the Tort Reform is to command defensive medical specialty patterns and assist cut down cost control in the civil wrong reform. Another ground because of the careless act to harming patients and case has become a immense consequence in the medical field. The ground for stating this is because many infirmaries in today society have many cases due to improper attention of their patients. Some involved non minding to the patient medical records in supplying the incorrect medical specialty. In infirmary these have been seen many of times to patients being publish the incorrect medical specialty. Besides if a patient does non hold wellness insurance being sent to other infirmary for attention and the patient wellness is non in good status to being reassign another health care installation and more wellness jobs extended non being decently cared for the status in the first topographic point. All infirmary suppose to care for their patients irrespect ive of the type of insurance or being uninsured. The medical staffs have taken an Oak to supply for their patient regardless of race, ethic, insurance company or noninsured. Their Oak is to supply the attention of their patient ‘s safety. The Stakeholders The three major stakeholders that are involved in Tort Reform are Physicians, High Cost, and Studies Survey. Doctors are one of the stakeholders that are a concern to the Tort Reform. Physicians are psychological inflicted, Malpractice system is useless, Neglectful act that injury patients and the results that prompt cases to tremendous cost. They function is to forestall medical mistake and better quality for patient ‘s safety. Another stakeholder is Cost Control is to take a firm stand doctors to cut down their usage of high cost trial and interventions that does non profit their patients. High engineering attention to lower cost in supplying good attention and physicians non being expose to increased liability hazard. The cost containment is needed to cut down the hazard of civil wrong liability for doctors. Surveies Survey are describe a high happening of such practicesn that consistent with worldview of the mean practician, criterion of doctors behaved, and methodological analysis. One of the consequences of surveies the costs of defensive medical specialty. In a survey by Kessler and McClellan that by 10 % of the wellness attention cost could be cut down was cited from other civil wrong reform every bit good as proposition for federal harm caps. Another survey consequence that mortality and morbidity rates and medical outgos in all the other provinces for diseases ( Hermer A ; Brody ) It comparing to all provinces to malpractice reforms was non found. Defensive medical specialty went off and malpractice were introduced that lead no increased to mortality or morbidity. In decision because Tort reform does little to cut down costs and Defensive Medicine instead avoids liability than to profit the patient. The concerns that lead to drive up cost containment in wellness attention were the major cost due to malpractice liability hazard. How to cite Practice Of Defensive Medicine Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Conduct of internal audit Essay Example For Students

Conduct of internal audit Essay UNIT:1875 Title: Help THE CONDUCT OF INTERNAL AUDIT TITLE: ASSIST THE CONDUCT OF INTERNAL AUDIT Thymineask1 1.1.1 Companies should hold a system where the employees work as a squad. Employees should be provided with a safe working environment. Different sections within the company should portion information in order to acquire more thoughts and information which is helpful in concern determination devising and for future growing and development. There should be ample clip given when fixing or look intoing bank statements to forestall from any mistakes. The company should closely supervise or duplicate look into all the checks that is issued or cancelled, every bit good as the company should closely analyze all the recognition or debit minutess being incurred by the company. The company should keep proper accounting system in order to fix accurate accounting records. The company should hold good accounting system in order to give a right image of the company’s advancement and productiveness degree. This can merely be done when the company follows the accurate or appropriate policies and accounting criterions needed to explicate a dependable, complete and useable fiscal study. The company should procure the auditing services from a dependable and competent or accounting house. The company should protect the support from external hearers that could supply with complete and honest scrutinizing services in order to modulate scrutinizing criterion. 1.1.2 Answer Execution The company should develop or enforce an organisational construction which would hike up the company with honestness and self-respect. The environment should be safe free environment where the employees should experience safe and are encouraged to work every bit team work in order to increase in productiveness. Methodologies should be implemented by the company in order to cut down the injudiciousness of the fiscal paperss. The execution should be set off by the company CEO, the direction and should be participated by all employees within the accounting sections. It should be closely and good monitored and crossed checked by external hearer in order to guarantee intelligibility in the budget operation. The company should keep proper accounting system in order to fix accurate accounting records. The company should hold good accounting system in order to give a right image of the company’s advancement and productiveness degree. This can merely be done when the company follows the accurate or appropriate policies and accounting criterions needed to explicate a dependable, complete and useable fiscal study. 1.2Abnormalities There has been an over-valued stocks which has been accounted for 5 old ages deserving $ US 25 million There were no commissariats made in the debitors account deserving US $ 9 million for non-performing histories. The current operating escape valued US $ 7 million has been recorded as postpaid outgo. The bank rapprochement statement had non been accurately done for the past 3 old ages, but it was accepted by the external hearers with the figure value of US $ 30 million. There had been 10 unpresented checks valued US $ 3 million. These checks have been returned by the Bankss as the clients did non hold sufficient financess. The short-run debts should hold been shown in the statement as US $ 65 million and non US $ 55 million. Harmonizing to the record there had been a error in the revelation of the overdraft installation. The figure has shown as US $ 85 million and non US $ 75 million. Harmonizing to the gross revenues and selling director, had entered in the fiscal contract for one of the natural stuff providers in order to provide equipment to the value of US $ 15 million to increase the production degree of twisties, but this contract doesn’t reflect in the statement of histories. Since there had been merely a commercial contract the external hearer stated that there is no point to demo in the records. The reappraisal of the quarterly study issued by the Risk Manager. The mandate concluded by the director is false/misleading. For illustration, â€Å"I foresee that the company is runing in a really sound and successful mode. There was misdirecting information given about company’s productiveness and growing. The Finance director besides gave incorrect information about the company’s advancement every bit good. .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 , .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .postImageUrl , .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 , .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638:hover , .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638:visited , .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638:active { border:0!important; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638:active , .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638 .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3104ca3012059c07b5805b4259ae7638:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of I have a dream Essay1.3Answer There should be an appropriate designation made in the dealing for the current/prepaid outgos All fiscal paperss should be updated on a regular basis whether it of little or large sum. Correct/accurate information should be entered in each dealing. The current or postpaid outgos of the company should be decently classified in each dealing incurred. All minutess incurred whether it is a large or little sum should be decently and accurately recorded. Correct information should be delivered by the individual incharged, whether he or she may be the finance manager/risk manager/sales director for the board to cognize of the true standing of the company. There should be regular alteration of individual in charge in each section peculiarly in the budgeting section in order to forestall any bad lucks with the company. ThymineasK2 2.1Answer: PIFCO ZEN CHEN COMPANY S BALANCE SHEET AS AT 30 DECEMBER 2011 Assetss fixed assets ( 45 15 ) 30 Investing assets Investing in subsidory 30 60 Current Asset stock ( 125 25 ) 100 Debtors ( 90 9 ) 81 Prepaid disbursals ( 40 7 ) 33 Bank Deposit 60 hard currency at bank ( 30 30 ) junior-grade hard currency 1 275 Less Current Liabilitiess Creditors ( histories Payable ) 45 accrued disbursals 30 short-run debt ( 55 + 10 ) 65 Draft ( 75 + 10 ) 85 225 Net Current Asset/liability 50 Entire Assetss 110 Financed by: Long-run debt ( 80 + 15 ) 95 Capital 90 accumulated loss { 75 } 15 Entire liabilities and equity 110 2.2Answer: Harmonizing to the balance sheet the company did non follow the correct processs and policies of the accounting system and criterions. All fiscal paperss should be updated on a regular basis whether it is of little or large sum. Accounting and auditing criterions were wrongly followed. The company did non follow the appropriate accounting system. Harmonizing to the act of direction, the company did non execute the accounting rules such as NZ GAAP. In order to hold proper fiscal studies the company should purely follow the accounting rules and processs. 2.3 Strength The company made a important growing in footings organic growing because they had assurance in the three executives. Good selling watercourse and gross revenues schemes used by the company, ensuing in smooth running of concern flow. Production betterment leads to increase in productiveness. Failing Untrustworthy directors. The directors did non execute with self-respect and honestness. The company should follow standard policies and accounting needed to explicate a dependable, and proper fiscal studies. Lack of intelligibility due to hapless information system. Information sing the company was non delivered clearly. Incompetent internal and external hearers. The external hearers would come to the company for a really short clip merely, to execute the scrutinizing procedure. They will non able to execute an efficient scrutinizing due to clip continuance, and the Pifco-Zen Chen Company Limited would confront a hazard for corporate prostration, when the three directors had left. Accounting and auditing criterions were wrongly followed. The company did non follow the appropriate accounting system. Recommendation The company should replace/change directors, who can execute their responsibilities with honestness. The company should enforce proper accounting system in order to acquire clear and right information. The company should develop or enforce an organisational construction which would hike up the company with honestness and self-respect. The environment should be safe free environment where the employees should experience safe and are encouraged to work every bit team work in order to increase in productiveness. The company should hold good accounting system in order to give a right image of the company’s advancement and productiveness degree. This can merely be done when the company follows the accurate or appropriate policies and accounting criterions needed to explicate a dependable, complete and useable fiscal studies. Team work should besides be encouraged to assist increase in productiveness. All processs should be carried out with honestness. The company should procure the auditing services from a dependable and competent or accounting house. .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 , .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .postImageUrl , .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 , .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6:hover , .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6:visited , .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6:active { border:0!important; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6:active , .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6 .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e75188d886732404363d9430215b4a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fences*the Play* Essay* © IANZ | 1875 Assist the behavior of internal audits| ASSESSMENT TASKS | Page 1 of 5

Bronfenbrenners Ecological Theory of Development free essay sample

Graduate School and the influences that shaped the decision HS5002 Survey of Research in Human Development and Behavior Bronfrenbenner’s Ecological Theory Urie Bronfrenbenner (1971-2005) created the ecological theory based on different levels to indicate how a child’s environment affects his/her development as well as minor and major life decisions. Bronfenbrenner categorized his theory into four levels: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem. Each level of the theory plays a role in the decision making process and situations throughout a child’s development, which ultimately shape that child into a content, happy, bitter or sad adult. The microsystem â€Å"is the small, immediate environment the child lives in†. (Oswalt, 2008, para. 1). This may include immediate family and non-familial relationships that interact with the child during childhood. When the different parts of the child’s microsystem start working in conjunction for the betterment of the child, this generates the mesosystem. We will write a custom essay sample on Bronfenbrenners Ecological Theory of Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The exosystem level influences the child indirectly, as it is comprised of places or people that don’t have personal dealings with the child however still affect the child’s way of life. The last level, the macrosystem, carries the largest weight on a child’s development in that it possesses â€Å"things such as the relative freedoms permitted by the national government, cultural values, the economy, wars, etc† (Oswalt, 2008, para. 4). When coupled together, all levels ultimately will some bearing on a child’s development. The Microsystem and Mesosystem Levels Because the microsystem and mesosystem deals with the immediate family and outside family influences, it’s safe to say that for most children, this includes the home, family, toys, peers, classrooms, and teachers. The home environment will be persuaded by the makeup of the neighborhood. The family will be subjective by such factors as whether a parent is able to take a job that permits frequent contact with the child and the degree to which the parent feels oppressed or happy at work. The people that I encountered when I was younger pre-exposed me to the idea of furthering my education at all costs. I was raised in a single parent home due to the separation of my abusive father from my mother. When I was in the fifth grade, my mother initiated a relationship with another man, who stepped in and replaced my absentee father’s position. Because my step-father was still involved in a loveless marriage, he did not spend as much time in the home as a father should therefore leaving my mother to be a single parent throughout my entire childhood and adolescent years. Education has always been instilled in our family, dating back to my great-grandmother. Unfortunately, not all of my family members advanced their education so the burden was placed on my generation. Since my tender childhood years (between ages 5 and 13), education was very important to me. Bronfenbrenner (1986) has pointed out that the family is of crucial importance in the development of childrens abilities. (p. 723–742). My mother was an integral part of my education when I was in elementary school but by the time I was promoted to sixth grade, her interest in my grades and school performance slowly decreased. My middle school teachers saw the potential in me to accomplish great things in life so where there was a lack of parental support, I received support from my middle school teachers, administration and peers. The lack of relationship between my biological father and mother caused early disruption in my life however it posed no threat to my education. I believe their previous abusive marriage and unwillingness to get along post-separation hindered my growth in a few areas of my childhood. By the time I was advanced to high school, my mother’s full support no longer existed. Because of her decision, I turned to other means for emotional and mental support. My high school GPA was not the best due to the constant behavioral problems showcased throughout my entire high school career. I was involved in several physical altercations and numerous minor and major behavioral issues including walking out of class, using profanity towards the teachers, etc. My mother’s authoritarian parenting style emphasized obedience, even at the expense of my autonomy. Despite several interferences within my early development, I finally began transitioning into college-girl mindset. The decision to apply to undergraduate college commenced from a dream that my twin sister and I came up with. Our preliminary plans were to attend college together, obtain our Bachelor’s in Accounting, and open a firm to work with big corporations as top accountants. While the dream to attend college remained stagnant, the degree choice changed after our first semester in school. Right at four years on the head, I graduated with my first Bachelor’s of Social Work, and re-enrolled in school to pursue Criminal Justice. During my junior and senior year in college, my passion for learning about and working with juvenile offenders intensified, which eventually led to my second Bachelor’s in Criminal Justice. After receiving two undergraduate degrees, I was under the impression that furthering my education was a colossal waste of time. I entered the work force with the education I obtained from in-classroom learning and my social work field placement. The Exosystem Level â€Å"The exosystem level includes the other people and places that the child herself may not interact with often herself but that still have a large affect on her, such as parents workplaces, extended family members, the neighborhood, etc. † (Oswalt, 2008, para. 3). My mother failed to maintain employment throughout my childhood. The reluctance of my mother to maintain employment kind of rubbed off on me because I have been unsuccessful with preserving employment for longer than one year. The lax relationship between our immediate family and extended family posed a negative threat on my development as well. Even at 28 years old, I still do not wish to seek a relationship with my extended family members. That refusal stemmed from a long time hurt that I felt on behalf of my mother during his most critical times of need. My immediate family received much support from the neighborhood, which helped my development wonders. Up until third grade, we resided in a neighborhood where every parent knew of each other, and all children were raised by the same guidelines, subject to the same reprimands. Our neighborhood stuck with one another and taught me the importance of the old saying â€Å"it takes a village to raise a kid†. Again, children within my generation were bussed to school together, hung out at school together, and raised around the value of an education. Once my mother uprooted our family from the neighborhood, I noticed that strong â€Å"village† support no longer existed and was not replaced. Still I remained in school and utilized the ideas and shortcomings from my childhood to aide in the decision to enroll in graduate school. The Macrosystem Level The macrosystem can influence a child’s development in a positive or negative way. Because society and culture impact this level, some children may experience conditions such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, etc more often than their peers that are raised in development-friendly homes. The negative culture that I was brought up in still impinges on my choices today. My mother was addicted to cocaine and my biological father was addicted to crack-cocaine and heroin. The constant in and out interaction with their dealers was the reason for my choice in men. The harmful selection in men, however, did not change my willingness to excel in education, thus deciding to enroll in graduate school. A year ago, my choice of men did cause me to prolong applying for graduate school, in attempt to keep up with their opulent lifestyle and criminal consequences. Conclusion â€Å"The most useful aspect of this model is that we as a society can together raise children, if we worked in harmony together, provided our children with a community that supported each other, the outcome on our children will be profound. If our next generation fails, if our future citizens are weak, if mental disorders and illness are on the rise, then it is because we all failed. † (Ahuja, n. d. , p. 8) As Ahuja emphasized the collaboration of society to raise all children, I can honestly say my surroundings and environment shaped my decision to enter graduate school to obtain my Master’s degree in Human Services. References Ahuja, Y. (n. d). Bronfenbrenner Ecological Theory. [Electronic version]. Retrieved from http://www. mymontessoriacademy. com/newsletters/websitebronfenbrennerecologicaltheory. pdf Bronfenbrenner, U. 1986. Ecology of the family as a context for

Hamlet Mother and Son Relationship

Hamlet Mother and Son Relationship Introduction William Shakespeare, the famous playwright has addressed the issue of relationships in most of his plays especially as pertaining to family ties. He has in most of his books and in particular, The Tragedies exposed the good and the bad side of family ties especially between parents and their kids.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Hamlet: Mother and Son Relationship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Hamlet, the must-read chef-d’oeuvre, Shakespeare brings to light the connections between members of a family namely Hamlet who is a prince, his late father, his mother Gertrude and his stepfather Claudius. This paper seeks to address the mother-son relationship as brought out in the play and in particular by Hamlet and his mother Gertrude. Mother-son relationship In this play, Shakespeare uses a woman called Gertrude who is among the few women featured in the masterwork. Through her relationsh ip with her son Hamlet, Shakespeare paints a picture of betrayal. Gertrude marries the brother of Hamlets father and this to hamlet is a very big act of betrayal. In the whole book, Hamlet dedicates most of his time and energy trying to take revenge of the death of the king, his father whom he believes was cruelly treated by those he cared for. Therefore, he suffered during his whole lifetime. Hamlet feels that Gertrude hurts the king more by not mourning during the king’s burial. She instead delights in her new marriage depicting some kind of freedom from oppression that she went through in her former marriage, as the reader can insinuate. As a result, Hamlet develops great irritation towards her mother, which he manifests through his monologue and dialogue with other people as depicted in the play. Hamlet is made to change his perception of love after his mother marries his late father’s brother, two months after the death of his father (Shakespeare I.ii.138). As a r esult, Hamlet concludes that his father truly loved his mother yet his mother never loved him. He fails to understand how his mother could so much dangle on his father (Shakespeare I. ii. 140, 143) then marry so soon after his father’s death. He therefore resolves that woman’s adoration is so frail and can be changed so easily depending on the situation that the woman finds herself. Faulkner calls women â€Å"frail beings not because of their physical abilities but because of their weak emotions† (146).Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Hamlet, his mother betrayed not only his father but also the love and the marriage they shared. Gertrude’s unrefined actions changes Hamlet’s perception of love towards others. He reaches the level of hating Ophelia, the girl who truly loves him fearing that she might be in possessio n of his mother’s betrayal character. Because of Gertrude’s evil plans of betraying her once beloved husband, Hamlet’s love for Ophelia, the woman who he loved and one who gave back an equal share of the love changes, and is significantly affected. When with her and watching a play, Ophelia comments that the prologue is very brief and Hamlet likens the briefness to a woman’s love (Shakespeare III. ii. 137-138). As time goes by, the gap between Hamlet and Ophelia widens to the level of Hamlet declaring that he does not love Ophelia at all and is not ready to love her anymore (Shakespeare III.i.119-120). However, after Ophelia’s death, the reader realizes that Hamlet was not sincere with his initial words concerning his faded love to Ophelia since he later on confirms to Laertes that he loved her so much and no amount of love could match his love for her (Shakespeare V.i.254-256). The reader realizes the reason behind Hamlet’s words that thoug h he knows very well that Ophelia loves him, he fears that it might take after that between his mother and his late father, which was in no doubt fake. Gertrude’s actions instill a lot of anger to Hamlet who in turn reaches the level of killing any man who seems to take up the position of his late father. Hamlet ends up believing his mother conspired with his uncle into killing his beloved father. He is filled up with so much rage and hatred until he kills Polonius in his mother’s bedroom after seeing him and thinking that he is Claudius. His temper is fueled by the conviction that his mother, by conspiring to kill the king and then marrying the killer, is an offence too great to be forgiven. After mistaking Polonius for Claudius and killing him, his mother calls the action â€Å"a bloody deed to which Hamlet replies that a bloody deed is killing a king and marrying the brother† (Shakespeare III. iv. 26-28).Advertising We will write a custom research pap er sample on Hamlet: Mother and Son Relationship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gertrude is shocked at this accusation and the shock is so much until Hamlet begins to doubt if she really killed his father. From this point, though still convinced that she betrayed his father, he changes and starts warning her of her evil actions instead of accusing her. He comes to the full conclusion that her mother never killed her father. The unacceptable marriage of his mother to his uncle continues to antagonize him. He therefore decides to only â€Å"speak daggers to her but use none†(Caxton 366). With this, he speaks to her harshly addressing her as the queen, wife to the king’s brother. He asks her where her shame is and proceeds to compare his father, who he refers to as a combination and a form indeed and his uncle who he calls a ‘mildewed ear’. Of course, Gertrude becomes defensive, orders him not to speak to him in tha t manner but he continuous, and warns her to repent her actions and prevent that which is to come (Shakespeare III. iv. 141). He even cautions her against going into her uncle’s bed. He tries to make her mother realize she is not doing the right thing and should feel sorry and stop her unrefined actions. The conversation` between Hamlet and his mother brings back Gertrude to her senses where she feels the guilt and shame of her actions (Caxton 80). It is at this point that she realizes that all along, she had been doing what was not right and it was a great act of betrayal to her late husband. She admits that though she had never consciously been aware that Claudius had killed his brother, she had never fully approved of her actions. She admits that when she looked into her soul, she was shocked by what she saw. Meanwhile, Hamlet has been acting very madly, where he discloses to his mother that it is just but a feigned state but he will not reveal it to anyone. From this poin t henceforth, As Horatio points out, their relationship is restored (14). Together now, they begin to seek for the revenge of the king’s death.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hamlet continues with his feigned state of madness while Gertrude continues to make Claudius trust that the condition is real (Shakespeare IV. i. 6-7). Claudius hence comes to believe the prince’s simulated state and he starts fearing what he may do to him. During the fencing match between Hamlet and Laertes, Gertrude shows that her allegiance is with the prince and not with the king for she gives her son her napkin and tells her that she rejoices in his fortunes. She goes on to drink from the poisoned cup that was meant for Hamlet and though her new husband warns and orders her to stop drinking it, she continuous and finishes it. This shows where her full allegiance is and despite there still being intense feelings between them, they find their relationship becoming better before she finally dies. Conclusion It is noted throughout the play that even though Hamlet is hurt by her mother’s act of betrayal of marrying her husband’s brother a short time after her hu sband’s death, he never wishes to hurt her. His main aim all along is to avenge his father’s death. His quest for vengeance does not compromise his love for his mother and all through the play, his love for him is evidently displayed. He tries and succeeds at convincing her to realize that her actions were wrong and together they undertake to avenge the king’s death. So despite the tense relationship between them at the beginning marked with feelings of anger and rage (Friedlander 3), their relationship is restored at the end and Hamlet finally achieves his objective of avenging his father’s death. It is all a message of hope. Caxton, Charles. Commentary on Hamlet. New York: W.W. Norton Company Inc., 2006. Faulkner, William. The Hamlet Commentary. New York: Thumshire publishers, 2008. Friedlander, Gibson. Enjoying Hamlet by William Shakespeare. London: P. Press, 2010. Horatio, Joseph. Enjoying Hamlet. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet: The Norton Shakespeare. New York: W.W. Norton Company Inc., 1997.

Current Purchasing and Supply Chain Practices in E-procurement Essay

Current Purchasing and Supply Chain Practices in E-procurement - Essay Example Indeed as e-commerce continues to gain root courtesy of the developments realized in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) it seems every single sector is being transformed. E-procurement therefore involves the use of Electronic Data Interchange and Enterprise Resource Planning. It is basically facilitated through the use of various software applications which enhance the process of supplier management and complex auctions. The value chain process of e-procurement consists of e-tendering, indent management, e-auctioning, catalogue management, order notice, e-invoicing, e-payment and contract management. It basically involves the conventional supply chain processes which are enhanced through the use of information systems. In public sector organizations, e-procurement is becoming a common affair given its increased benefits. Some of the benefits realized through e-procurement include increased efficiency and cost savings. Indeed, these have always been major concern in govern ment contracting. Similarly, e-procurement improves the transparency of the procurement process. Conventional procurement is normally characterized by rampant corruption especially in the public sector. A supply chain network enables the distribution options for the procurement of both raw material and finished products. In this regard, the major aim of a supply chain network is to satisfy the needs of the consumer as soon as they appear. This is certainly an important component of e-procurement (Ageshin, 2001). It should be realized that e-procurement is not simply a process of making online purchases. It must provide an open and effective communication line with all the potential suppliers throughout the business process (Waters, 2007). Research and New trends Businesses are today compelled to adapt and reconfigure their IT systems, assets and business operations in order to meet the increasingly changing demands of the customers. There is a growing need to compress the long busin ess cycles and to differentiate from the increased competition (2007). In this respect, new trends in e-procurement are constantly adopted with the major aim of enhancing operations through efficiency, costs reduction and output maximization. The systems are facilitated through the adoption of new architectural styles. The e-procurement and purchasing process involves the following steps (Dolgui, Soa, & Zaikin, 2005). Purchase approval and supplier evaluation The e-procurement supply chain process normally begins by the demand or need of the material by a user. In this respect, a number of electronic documents are normally used. They include forecasts and customer orders, purchase requisitions, stock checks and material requirements. The process of purchase approval involves a number of steps and will normally depend on the size of the purchase and whether the client is making first time purchases. Depending on the size of the purchase, there can be a need for supplier evaluation wh ich begins with from the determination of the purchase need (Forrest, 2006). Bidding and supplier selection The selection of suppliers is actually one of the most important activities in this respect. In any case, any mistakes or errors at this time can be very damaging and long-lasting. Once all the bids are received and the negotiation process has occurred, the sourcing team will then select an appropriate supplier and the approval is then authorized through the purchase approval step (Foust, 2013). Purchase approval Once the supplier has been selected, purchasing grants an authority or approval to purchase the product or service. This is facilitated through the use of an electronic drafting of a purchase order (PO). This is also

Economic Relations between Korea and China Essay

Economic Relations between Korea and China - Essay Example For centuries, China stood as a leading country, easily outpacing other countries in the arts and sciences. In the 19th century and early 20th centuries, however, China was overwhelmed by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. It seemed like China would never catch up with the Western developed countries economically, but after the 1978 reform period, Deng Xiaoping, a hero of China, focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled.There is no doubt that China has had tremendous effect on Korea economically, politically and culturally since early days of Korea due to proximity and Korean speaking ethic minorities living in China. We must not fail to indicate here that Korea here refers to both North and South Korea. Both of these republics have trade relations with China. South Korea and China normalized diplomatic and economic relations in 1992 and North Korea did so round about the same time.Although the relationship b etween Korea and China had ceased during the Cold War, the reestablishment of diplomatic relations had led to a surprisingly rapid growth of bilateral exchanges. Statistics show that Korean Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to China has increased at very fast rate and continuous to increase as China has become the second most viable destination for investment after the United States. The development of economic relations between South Korea and China over the past decade has been dramatic... numbers, direct bilateral trade between Korea and the PRC has gone from $4.4 billion in 1991, the year before the normalization of relations, to $41.1 billion in 2002 and has already reached $39.8 billion in just the first three quarters of 2003."2China's entry into the WTO had caused them to grow quite rapidly. The recent brisk exports from Korea to China have also been a key factor in the economic growth of China. This growth had caused demand for electrical equipment, semi-conductors and communication equipments which are the main exports of Korea. For an example, North Korea's trade volume hit a new record in 2004, approaching $1.38 billion. North Korea's exports to China topped $582 million, up 47.2 percent compared with 2003. Imports totaled $795 million, up 26.5 percent from the preceding year. North Korea's total trade volume for 2005 reached nearly $2.9 billion. 3 This increase in North Korea's exports to China can be attributed to the increase in exports of crabs, fish, and shellfish; metal products; and textile goods. It is also interesting to note that the North's increase in imports from China is mainly attributed to the increase in the import of energy elements such as crude oil and foods such as frozen pork. Imports of different types of grains like rice and wheat are also noticeable.According to L. Gordon Flake, Executive Director, Mike and Maureen Mansfield foundation, "Korea's imports from China are currently undergoing a structural transformation. China has begun to manufacture electronic components because China is undergoing rapid industrialization. It means that both Korea and China are entering into a highly a competitive market with regard to electrical equipments. This bilateral economic exchange between China and Korea can create

Targeted Organization Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Targeted Organization Summary - Essay Example The company is also dynamic and is expanding scope. It has for example been planning to expand its ventures into the Arctic waters from primary dependence on the Mexican gulf. The company has also been active in ensuring safety in its ventures, a move that contributed to its temporary clearance for the Arctic exploration. Though a number of regulatory measures still face the company over the exploration, there are high chances that a license will be granted. This will even expand the company’s scope for a more explorative work environment (Broder and Krauss, 2012). As a public health expert, I have the potential to design and implement the organization’s strategies towards safety of employees. My potential will therefore help the company in realizing its commitment and policy statements towards employee and environmental safety (Static, 2009). Broder, J. and Krauss, C. (2012). Shell clears major hurdle in its bid for new Arctic drilling. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/18/science/earth/us-tentatively-approves-shell-spill-plan-for-new-arctic-drilling.html?_r=1 Static. (2009). Shell commitment and policy on health, security, safety, the environment and social performance. Retrieved from:

Women And The Criminal Justice System

Women And The Criminal Justice System The aim of this work is to define the role factors such as gender, class, familial structure and prior victimization have in the awarding of justice to the female offender. It was found that the criminal justice system has traditionally been more lenient to the female offender based on two factors: gender and class and family structure. However, the criminal justice system finds itself in a legal and moral bind when it comes to prior victimization of the offender, and in differentiating between true victimization leading to a violent crime and the misrepresentation of such a previous state by the defending attorney. These findings should give an overall understanding of the criminal justice system with regards to female offenders and should form a framework within which such inequalities and discrepancies can be discussed. Introduction To better understand the criminal offender, it is necessary to understand the role the backgrounds of the offenders play in their path towards crime. The percentage of female offenders has increased in the recent past, and sociologists, criminal experts and the judiciary have grappled with the damning statistics. Various theories have been put forth to better understand the role race, class, family structure and victimization of the female offender have to play in the rise in crimes by the female gender. While a lot of work had gone into research into these themes individually, a deeper understanding of all these factors and the role they play in the treatment of women by the criminal justice system remains to be analyzed. This essay aims to explain these factors and the role the criminal justice system has to play in offering justice, and support to the female offender. The criminal justice system and the female offender According to sentencing statistics, nearly a third of women sentenced for indictable offences in 2000 received a community sentence compared with just under a quarter of men . It can be seen that the criminal justice system has traditionally been lenient on the female offender. In delivering justice, the background of the defendant, the role factors outside the purview of the crime that have contributed to the psycho-social development of the defendant are considered. However, various social and developmental factors also contribute to the low rates of serious crimes by women . While men are not socially connected and do not traditionally worry about children, women are bound to their home and hearth and thus desist from violent crimes. This difference is important to the jury, who consider previous crimes and delinquent history when considering their judicial stance on the offender. Thus, women tend to have less severe judicial outcomes in the criminal justice system. The role of race and the female offender According to Koons-Witt and Schram: Two findings are notable in terms of offending differences among females: (a) race conditioned the relationship between offending group and victim(s) sex for robbery incidents and (b) race conditioned the relationship between offending group and the social distance between victim(s) and perpetrator(s) for aggravated assaults. The race of a person has a major role to play in the psycho-social development of the female offender. Racial characteristics such as social conditioning, parenting style, opportunities for education and social development and interaction with other races have always played a major role in the development of the offender. The criminal justice system has also traditionally, not only discriminated on the basis of gender, but also on the basis of race when awarding punishment for crimes, both non-lethal, and lethal. However, in the context of the female offender, unlike gender, race has not played a role in the severity of senten ce for a crime, which remains a factor only for the male offender. The effect of race is conditioned by gender while the effect of gender is not conditioned by race. However, the harsher treatment of racial minorities by the criminal justice system is confined more to men, and the lenient treatment of women is found for minorities and whites alike . Class and family structure and the female offender Women from the lower and working class have been a priori been excluded from the middle class in their expectations and prior social programming. While the women from the socially backward classes have never been placed in the good girl category, dissimilar to their middle class counterparts, the criminal justice system considers the class of the women while deciding punishment for a crime. Like race, social conditioning of women offenders depends largely on their social class and existing family structure. Social scientists have long associated class and life-expectations of women in work, at home and in the social context. Delinquency and crime are also associated closely with the class of the offender. The criminal justice system has always considered the class of the female defendant to award punishment. Victimization and the female offender Vieraitis, Kovandzic and Britto state: ..womens absolute status is significantly correlated with female homicide victimization rates by intimate partners.. . The role of victimization leading to crime by the female offender cannot be overemphasized. In many cases, the victim turns criminal and the psychological effects of the crime of the woman are an important parameter in understanding the development of the criminal mindset. In many violent crimes committed by women, the victim is mostly the intimate partner who has, in the past, been violent towards their partner. This progression of crime has a major role to play in the psychological and criminal development of the offender and makes it a tough case for the defending attorney and the criminal justice system. The fine delineation between preexisting conditions that lead to the crime and the absence thereof makes the awarding of justice difficult and at time, morally challenging. Conclusion The female offender is shaped by her gender, class, familial background and prior victimization. These factors have a major role to play in the psycho-social development of the offender. While the criminal justice system has traditionally been lenient to the female offender, the rise in crime by women has brought to light these differences and how justice is served to these offenders. A larger meta-analysis of the problem would yield sociological and psychological constructs that may help streamline the justice system to recognize and eliminate errors in jurisprudence.

Black Boy :: essays research papers

The Crying of Lot 49 In a story as confusing and ambiguous as Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49, it is difficult to connect any aspect of the book to a piece of modern culture. However, Oedipa’s quest, her search for the truth, and the paranoia therein, are inherent in the plots of today’s most-watched television and movies. Though many themes from the story can be tied to modern culture, perhaps the most prominent is the theme of a quest for truth. Oedipa’s quest is best represented via a popular FOX television show called The X-Files.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At first sight, the comparison is almost too obvious. Agent Fox Mulder, played by David Duchovny, seeks the truth behind the apparent mystery of alien abduction and the supernatural, a quest that he dubs â€Å"the X-Files†. Oedipa, too, is looking for the truth underneath her mystery: WASTE. Both characters yearn for the truth behind events, a truth that may or may not exist, in mysteries that fold plots upon themselves endlessly. Beyond the obvious similarities, however, lie more, almost uncanny, parallels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though both Mulder and Oedipa claim to seek the truth, what they both seek is resolution to the questions within themselves. For example, it is understood by fans of The X-Files that Mulder began his search for extraterrestrial life with the supposed alien abduction of his sister. The quest for the truth, then, is personalized for Agent Mulder, as he himself claims that he would not work as an FBI agent if his sister had not been [supposedly] abducted. Oedipa is on a personal quest as well. No other character in the story seeks the â€Å"truth† behind WASTE, the muted courier’s horn, the play The Courier’s Tragedy, Pierce Inverarity’s stamps, and a secret postal service. In fact, no one else has ever before made such a [possibly ridiculous] connection! So, as both characters seek their personal truths, they slowly begin to fear that no answer exists.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The motives of these two seekers are important, and indeed similar. There seems to be an obsession to find a truth in symbols (be they horns or crop circles), a truth that both characters come to realize may not even exist. By definition, obsession is â€Å"a persistent disturbing preoccupation with an often unreasonable idea or feeling†. Therefore, the moment that their questions are absolved, the moment that their hypotheses are proved, the quest and its subsequent paranoia, frustration, and pain are removed.